一、语法
Direct and Indirect Speech(2)
不定式在间接引语中的运用
祈使句变为间接引语时要将祈使句中的动词原形改为不定式，并在不定式前加上动词ask/tell/order等；若直接引语中的祈使句表示的是命令的口气，间接引语用tell/order; 若祈使句是否定式，则在不定式前加否定词not, 即tell/order sb. not to do sth.如：
"Don't smoke in the room,"he said.
He told me not to smoke in the room.
若直接引语中表示的是请求的口气，间接引语用ask，如：
"Please give the bird clean water every day."My friend said.
My friend asked me to give the bird clean water every day.
"Could you help me with my homework?"she said.
She asked me to help her with her homework.
当直接引语是疑问句时，在转变为间接引语时，应运用疑问词+不定式，在句中作宾语。如：
"When shall we start?"he asked.
He wanted to know when to start.
二、聚焦高频考点
1.a great/good many+可数名词的复数形式，如：
There are a great many Indian words in American English.
a number of+可数名词的复数形式，如：
A number of teachers and students take an active part in the match.
the number of中的number指“总数量”，与复数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。如：
The number of the Doctor and Masters in this primary school is only 20.
2.except for, except, besides, but, but for用法区别
except for用于非同类事物，它的宾语与前述对象不属同类。
eg: The essay is generally good except for some spelling mistakes.
but for=without表示“要不是……”。一般放在句首，表达语气是虚拟的，主句也用虚拟。如：
But for the Party, we would never get a good life.
except和besides用于肯定句时，except表示“除……之外（不再有）”强调除去部分；besides表示“除……之外（还有）”强调还包括的部分。如：
We all went hiking except Jack.(Jack不去)
We all went hiking besides Jack.(Jack也去)
except, besides, but用于否定句时可互换，如：
Nobody could get the certification except/besides/but you.
谓语是do时，except/but后的不定式省去to. 如：
He did nothing but/except stay at home all day.
But前没有do时，but后不定式要带to，如：
We have no choice but to wait.
3.定语从句中关系代词只能用that的情况
1)先行词是all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。如：
That is all that I want to tell you.
2)先行词被all, few, any, every, little, no, some修饰时。如：
I have finished every book (that) my teacher lent me.
3)被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，如：
The second lesson that she learned will never be forgotten.
4)先行词被only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，如：
He is the only one that I want to see.
5)先行词既有人又有物时，如：
We were talking of things and persons that we remembered in the liberated area.
4.as作关系代词或关系副词引导定语从句时，as可作主语，表语，这个定语从句说明或代表整个主句，并可以放在主句之前。如：
As we all know, English is spoken all around the world.(as作宾语)
As is known to all, there is no ghost in the world.(as作主语)
5.助动词do使用不同的时态替代前文提到过的某一动词词组以避免重复。如：
In the same way Americans use the expression "I guess" just as the British did (这里的did替代前面的used the expression “I guess”) 30 years ago.
6.主语+have+(no, little, some, much, great, ...) difficulty/trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难/麻烦。如：
I have no difficulty in getting a job.
三、常用词语和句型
1.More or less 多少；有点儿；或多或少有几分
eg: I hope he can give you more or less help.
The child is more or less tired.
2.mean(meant, meant) 意味；打算；意欲
I'm sorry, I didn't mean to.(我不是故意的)
mean to do打算做……
He meant to have lunch here.
mean sb to do打算做……
I mean you to have dinner with me tonight.
mean (doing) sth打算做……
To him, doing nothing means giving up.
3.communicate with sb.与……人沟通，通信。
My friend often communicates with a foreigner by letter.
communicate sth. to sb.把……通知/告诉某人
I like communicating my plans to him.
4.knowledge知识；认知；消息；knowledge of“了解”
My knowledge of Japanese is so poor.
My cousin has a good knowledge of physics.
5.all around the world=all over/throughout the world
四、日常交际用语
Can you spell that, please?
I beg your pardon?
Could you repeat, please?
How do you say ... in English?
What do you mean by ...?
How do you pronounce ...?
Could you speak a bit slowly, please?
What does ... mena?