Jenny said,"I have lost a book."(现在完成时改成过去完成时)
Jenny said she had lost a book.
Mum said,"I’ll go to see a friend."(一般将来时改成过去将来时)
Mum said she would go to see a friend.
He said,"We hadn't finished our homework."(过去完成时保留原有的时态)
He said they hadn't finished their homework.
注意:直接引语是客观真理,过去进行时,时态不变。
2.在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰,从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如:
Mary said,"My brother is an engineer."
Mary said her brother was and engineer.
3.直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。如:
He said,"Can you run, Mike?"
He asked Mike whether/if he could run.
4.直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth”句型。如:
"Pass me the water, please."said he.
He asked him to pass her the water.
5.直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest+动名词或从句”的结构。如:
She said,"Let’s go to the cinema."
She suggested going to the cinema.(或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.)
二、聚焦高频考点
1.倒装句型:前句为肯定句,后句用so+谓语+主语,意为“某人也……”。如:
She likes dogs. So do I.
前句为否定句,后句用neither/nor+谓语+主语,意为“某人也不……”。如:
The girl has no brothers or sisters. Neither/Nor have I.
2.lonely, alone和lone
alone=by oneself, without others
lonely=unhappy because one is always away from his family or friends,“孤独地”“寂寞的”,暗示主观上的“孤独”“寂寞”,渴望有伴。也可以表示“地方的荒凉”。
lone也有“孤独的,孤零零的一个”,作定语。
eg: I'm alone but I'm not lonely.
I can see only one lone star in the cloudy sky.
leave sth alone表示“不去理会,不要去管某事”。如:
Leave me alone!别理我!
Let alone“更不用说”。如:
He can't speak Japanese, let alone write it.
作形容词时,alone不能与very连用, 而与much连用,即说much alone或very much alone或all alone;而lonely可与very连用:very lonely.
3.treat sb. as ...把某人当作……来对待
The old man treated the orphan as his own son.
“把某人看作……”有以下几种说法:
regard sb as ...=consider sb as ...=think of sb as ...
“把……误当作……”: take ... for ...如:
People sometimes take a rope for a snake.
4.care about表示“关心,计较,在乎”,一般用于否定句。如:
I don't care about going to the cinema.
care for表示“关心,照料,喜欢”,如:
She cared more for new clothes than for anything else.
5.make friends with sb.和……人交朋友。如:
We have made a lot of friends with the different people all over the world.
6.hunt for“竭力寻找”,在很多情况下,look for与search for或hunt for互换。如:
I hunted for the missing book everywhere.
be after表示“搜寻”“寻找”的状态,不指具体的动作。如:
That's what I am after.
7.such as用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子,有时可与like互换,但such as用于列举时可分开使用。而for example一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例,作插入语,用逗号隔开,可置于句首句中或句末。
My brother likes collecting different kinds of things, such as coins, books.
三、常用词语和句型
1.be into sth.对……感兴趣,非常喜欢……(非正式英语)
eg: I'm not into classical music.
2.be fond of酷爱,非常喜欢,与enjoy相近,比like感情强。
eg: In his life, he is fond of English.
3.boring主语为物,如:
The book is boring.
bored主语为人,如:
He is bored.
4.survive幸存;活下来;残存;继续存在。
He survived the traffic accident.
Only three hundred houses survived the earthquake in that city.
survive作不及物动词,表示“残存;留传”的意思。
The custom still survives in that small village.
四、日常交际用语
Hi there. I'm Joe.
I enjoy singing.
I hate hiking and I'm not into classical music.
I'm fond of dancing.
I'm (not) sure that ...
Perhaps ...
He/She thinks that ... is boring/terrible.