一、语法
The Passive Voice(1)
现在完成时被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态结构是“have/has been+过去分词”。如：
Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
How many new shopping malls have been set up here?
二、聚焦高频考点
1.include包括；包含。如：
Price $14.90, postage included.
价格14.90美元，邮资包括在内。
He had included a large number of funny stories in the speech.
他在讲话中加进了许多引人发笑的故事。
比较以下两个句子：
Eight people hurt in the accident, including three children.
Eight people hurt in the accident, three children included.
2.give in“屈服”“投降”。如：
They prefer to die than give in.
give in“(植物等)枯死，成批死去”
The plants gave in to the cold weather.
with the help of ...“在……的帮助下”如：
With the help of the teacher, the students made great progress last term.
bring back“归还”；“使恢复”如：
Remember to bring back the book tomorrow.
The letter brought back many memories.
3.begin=start,其后都可以跟不定式或动名词做宾语。一般情况下，不定式或动名词可以互换。但以下三种情况只能用不定式：
1)主语是物时
I started/began to cry/crying.
The flower began/start to come out.
2)当begin，start本身是进行时态时
The teacher was beginning to get angry.
3)当非谓语动词是表示心理状态的动词时，如realize, understand, know等。
Finally, she began to realize the importance of English.
4.represent代表
We should choose someone to represent us.
5.“及物动词＋名词＋介词”这种短语动词转换为被动语态时有两种形式。一种是短语动词当作一个及物动词。
eg: They didn't pay any attention to his words.= His words were not paid any attention to.
另一种方式是把短语动词看成“动词＋宾语＋介词”结构。上句可等于: No attention was paid to his words.
6.It+be+adj.+that-clause 这是主语从句句型。主语从句在句中作主语，可置于主句谓语动词之前，但常用it作形式主语，而把它移到主句之后。如：
It is very important that we study English well.
三、常用词语和句型
1.lie(lay, lain, lying)躺
eg: Jack was still lying in bed.
Lie还表示保持在某种状态或位置
eg: Those towns lay in ruins.
2.keep使某人/物保持某种状态
keep the door open
keep the fire burning
keep the child happy
keep on doing继续作某事(含强调重复性和决心)
No matter what happens, just keep on trying.
Keep doing不停地，不断地做某事(表示连续不断的动作或持续的状态)
Why did the baby keep crying?
Keep sb./sth. doing sth.使某人/某物继续做某事
You have kept me waiting so long!
Keep sb./sth. from doing sth.
Sars keeps many people from traveling.
3.主语+be+ said to be ...据说……
eg: The man is said to be a professor before.
It is said that ...据说……
eg: It is said that there is going to be a storm.
4.happen, take place, break out, belong to等不及物动词无被动语态
四、日常交际用语
What shall we put in?
Let's put in ...
What/How about ...?
Can't we put in ...?
Maybe we could put in ...
Why not ...?
Should we put in ...?
I'd like to choose ...
Why don't you ...?
I'd like to ...
Why not ...?